Introduction

Fertilizer run-off is apparent in many areas of the world but most specifically affects the streams and creeks in many parts of the United States, especially from Michigan to Puerto Rico.  Many farmers use fertilizers on their crops and a majority of these fertilizers include nitrates.  When it rains, nitrates make their way into oceans and big rivers through smaller streams and creeks.  The nitrates cause major algae blooms.  These blooms deplete oxygen in the ocean or rivers creating unfortunate "dead zones".  The algae use large amounts of oxygen making it hard for fish and other marine life to survive.  When the blooms occur and large amounts of fish die, the process releases vast amounts of carbon dioxide.  The CO2 only worsens the fertilizer run-off process, making it a deadly environmental issue in our world today.